📘 Verbs – Full Grammar Notes (English → Hindi)
1. Verb (क्रिया)
A verb is a word that shows action, state, or possession.
Verb बताता है:
✔ Action (कार्य) — run, eat, play
✔ State (अवस्था) — is, am, are
✔ Possession (स्वामित्व) — have, has
Examples:
- He runs fast. (वह तेज दौड़ता है)
- She is happy. (वह खुश है)
- I have a car. (मेरी एक कार है)
2. Types of Verbs (क्रिया के प्रकार)
1. Main Verb (मुख्य क्रिया)
वह क्रिया जो वाक्य में मुख्य कार्य बताती है।
Examples: go, eat, sleep
2. Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया)
Main verb की सहायता करती है।
is, am, are, was, were, has, have, will, shall
3. Action Verb (कर्म-सूचक)
Physical or mental action.
run, think, write
4. Linking Verb (संबंध-सूचक)
Subject को उसकी अवस्था/परिचय से जोड़ती है।
is, am, are, was, were
5. Transitive Verb (सकर्मक)
Object की जरूरत होती है।
Example: She wrote a letter.
6. Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक)
Object की जरूरत नहीं होती।
Example: He sleeps.
3. Forms of Verbs (क्रिया के रूप)
V1 — Base Form
go, eat, play
V2 — Past Form
went, ate, played
V3 — Past Participle
gone, eaten, played
V1+ing — Present Participle
going, eating, playing
Use:
✔ V1 — Present Indefinite
✔ V2 — Past Indefinite
✔ V3 — Perfect Tenses
✔ V1+ing — Continuous Tenses
4. Regular & Irregular Verbs (नियमित और अनियमित क्रियाएँ)
Regular Verbs (नियमित क्रिया)
V2 और V3 में “ed” लगता है।
Example:
play → played → played
work → worked → worked
Irregular Verbs (अनियमित क्रिया)
इनके रूप बदल जाते हैं।
go → went → gone
eat → ate → eaten
come → came → come
Hindi Meaning:
Regular → जिन्हें नियम अनुसार बदला जाए
Irregular → जिनका रूप बदल जाता है
5. Modal Verbs (मोडल क्रियाएँ)
Helping verbs जो संभावना, क्षमता, अनुमति बताते हैं।
Common Modals:
can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must
Examples:
- I can swim. (मैं तैर सकता हूँ)
- You must study. (तुम्हें पढ़ना चाहिए)
- May I come in? (क्या मैं अंदर आ सकता हूँ?)
6. Verbs & Tenses Relation (काल और क्रिया का संबंध)
✔ Continuous Tense → V1 + ing
Example: I am playing.
✔ Perfect Tense → has/have/had + V3
Example: She has eaten food.
✔ Indefinite Tense → V1 / V2
Example: They play cricket.
Key Rule:
Tense बदलता है → Verb का रूप बदलता है।
7. Common Verb Mistakes (आम गलतियाँ)
❌ He go to school.
✔ He goes to school.
❌ She is eat lunch.
✔ She is eating lunch.
❌ I have saw him.
✔ I have seen him.
Why mistakes happen?
- Verb forms confuse students.
- Wrong tense selection.
- Forgetting subject–verb agreement.