📘 Nouns & Pronouns – Full Notes (English → Hindi)
1. Noun (संज्ञा)
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, animal or idea.
Examples:
Ram, School, Patna, Book, Honesty
Types of Noun (5 मुख्य प्रकार):
1. Proper Noun (व्यक्तिवाचक)
- किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान या वस्तु का विशेष नाम।
Example: India, Ganga, Sita
2. Common Noun (जातिवाचक)
- किसी समूह या जाति के सामान्य नाम।
Example: city, boy, river
3. Collective Noun (समूहवाचक)
- समूह का नाम।
Example: team, army, bunch
4. Abstract Noun (भाववाचक)
- गुण, भाव, अवस्था का नाम।
Example: honesty, beauty, bravery
5. Material Noun (द्रव्यवाचक)
- पदार्थों/सामग्री का नाम।
Example: gold, water, wood
More Notes on Nouns:
Countable Nouns (गिने जाने योग्य)
Example: books, apples, cars
Uncountable Nouns (ना गिनने योग्य)
Example: milk, rice, water
Singular & Plural Rules:
- Book → Books
- Boy → Boys
- Bus → Buses
- Baby → Babies
Uses in Sentences:
- Ram is a good boy.
- Honesty is the best policy.
- The team won the match.
2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
A pronoun is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Examples:
he, she, they, you, it, we
Types of Pronoun (7 मुख्य प्रकार):
1. Personal Pronoun
I, we, you, he, she, they
(व्यक्ति को दर्शाता है)
2. Reflexive Pronoun
myself, yourself, himself
(स्वयं को दर्शाता है)
3. Demonstrative Pronoun
this, that, these, those
(इशारा करने वाला सर्वनाम)
4. Interrogative Pronoun
who, which, what
(प्रश्न पूछने वाला सर्वनाम)
5. Relative Pronoun
who, whom, whose, which
(दो वाक्यों को जोड़ता है)
6. Indefinite Pronoun
someone, anyone, everyone
7. Distributive Pronoun
each, every, either, neither
Pronoun Examples in Sentences:
- He is my friend. (वह मेरा मित्र है)
- They are playing. (वे खेल रहे हैं)
- This is my book. (यह मेरी किताब है)
- Who is calling me? (कौन मुझे बुला रहा है?)
Important Rules:
✔ Use pronouns according to persons:
I → first person
You → second person
He/She/It/They → third person
✔ Pronoun must match noun in number and gender:
- Ram → he
- Sita → she
- Children → they
✔ “It” is used for:
- animals
- things
- weather
- time
Common Mistakes:
❌ Ram is my friend. He name is Ram.
✔ Ram is my friend. His name is Ram.
❌ Me am going.
✔ I am going.