📘 Adverbs – Full Grammar Notes (English → Hindi)
1. Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)
A word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
It tells about:
✔ How (कैसे)
✔ When (कब)
✔ Where (कहाँ)
✔ How much (कितना)
Examples:
- He runs quickly. (वह तेजी से दौड़ता है)
- She comes early. (वह जल्दी आती है)
- They live there. (वे वहाँ रहते हैं)
2. Types of Adverbs (क्रिया विशेषण के प्रकार)
1. Adverb of Time (समय)
when, today, now, yesterday
Example: He came yesterday.
2. Adverb of Place (स्थान)
here, there, above, outside
Example: Sit here.
3. Adverb of Manner (ढंग)
quickly, slowly, carefully
Example: She writes neatly.
4. Adverb of Degree (परिमाण)
very, too, almost, enough
Example: He is very tall.
5. Adverb of Frequency (आवृत्ति)
always, often, rarely, never
Example: She always studies.
6. Adverb of Reason (कारण)
therefore, hence
7. Interrogative Adverb (प्रश्नवाचक)
when, why, where, how
3. Formation of Adverbs (कैसे बनते हैं)
✔ Most adverbs are formed by adding **-ly** to adjectives:
quick → quickly
slow → slowly
sweet → sweetly
✔ Some adverbs do NOT take -ly:
fast, late, hard, well
Examples:
- She works hard.
- He speaks well.
4. Position of Adverbs (वाक्य में स्थान)
✔ Adverb of manner → after verb:
- He runs quickly.
✔ Adverb of frequency → before main verb:
- She often reads books.
✔ Frequency after "be" verb:
- She is always happy.
✔ Adverb of time → end of sentence:
- He will come tomorrow.
5. Degrees of Adverbs (तुलना के स्तर)
Positive → fast
Comparative → faster
Superlative → fastest
Examples:
- He runs fast.
- He runs faster than me.
- He runs the fastest in the class.
6. Common Mistakes (आम गलतियाँ)
❌ She sings beautiful.
✔ She sings beautifully.
❌ He works hardly. (wrong meaning!)
✔ He works hard.
❌ She is very happily.
✔ She is very happy.
Note:
- “Very” + adjective
- “Very” + adverb
- “Too” = more than needed (ज्यादा)
Example: too much noise