📘 Conjunctions – Full Grammar Notes (English → Hindi)
1. Conjunction (संयोजक)
A conjunction is a word that joins two words, phrases, or sentences.
Hindi Meaning:
वह शब्द जो दो शब्दों, वाक्यांशों या वाक्यों को जोड़ता है।
Examples:
and, but, or, because, although, so
Sentence Examples:
- Ram and Shyam are friends.
- I wanted to go, but it was raining.
- You can eat rice or chapati.
2. Types of Conjunctions (संयोजक के प्रकार)
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
(समान स्तर के शब्द/वाक्य जोड़ते हैं)
and, but, or, nor, so, yet
Examples:
- She is tall and smart.
- He tried hard, but he failed.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
(मुख्य और उपवाक्य को जोड़ते हैं)
because, although, since, when, if
Examples:
- I stayed home because it was raining.
- Although he is rich, he is humble.
3. Correlative Conjunctions
(जोड़े में आते हैं)
either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
Examples:
- Either he or she will come.
- Neither Ram nor Shyam was present.
- She is not only smart but also kind.
3. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
F – for (क्योंकि)
A – and (और)
N – nor (न ही)
B – but (परंतु)
O – or (या)
Y – yet (फिर भी)
S – so (इसलिए)
Examples:
- I was tired, so I slept early.
- She is poor yet honest.
4. Subordinating Conjunctions (मुख्य व उपवाक्य जोड़ने वाले)
Cause/Reason: because, since, as
Example: I left early because I was tired.
Time: when, while, before, after, until
Example: When he arrived, I smiled.
Condition: if, unless
Example: If you study, you will pass.
Contrast: although, though
Example: Although he is old, he is strong.
5. Correlative Conjunctions (जोड़े में आने वाले)
Common Pairs:
- either…or (या तो…या)
- neither…nor (न…न)
- both…and (दोनों)
- not only…but also (केवल नहीं…बल्कि)
Examples:
- Both Ram and Shyam are honest.
- She will either cry or complain.
- Neither the teacher nor the students know this.
- He not only sings but also dances.
6. Important Rules (महत्वपूर्ण नियम)
✔ “And” = जोड़ता है
✔ “But” = विपरीतता
✔ “Or” = विकल्प
✔ “Because” = कारण
✔ “Although” = विरोधाभास
✔ Correlative conjunctions हमेशा pair में उपयोग होते हैं:
❌ Either he or come.
✔ Either he will come or she will come.
✔ "Because" के साथ “so” नहीं आता:
❌ Because it rained, so I stayed home.
✔ Because it rained, I stayed home.
7. Common Mistakes (आम गलतियाँ)
❌ He is poor but he is honest.
✔ He is poor, but he is honest.
❌ She is beautiful and she is intelligent.
✔ She is both beautiful and intelligent.
❌ He will come if he will study.
✔ He will come if he studies.
Note:
If-clause never takes “will”.