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Definition of Accounting

Accounting is the process of identifying, recording, classifying and reporting information on financial transactions in a systematic manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision making.


Types of Accounts

There are basically three types of Accounts maintained for transactions.

  • Personal Account
  • Real Account
  • Nominal Account

Personal Account

Any individual person or any firms or any company on a blank is considered a Personal account.
For example:-
Rajesh Singh
Sona Singh
Wipro Pvt Ltd
PNB Bank
Capital etc


Real Account

Account of any physical things. The cash account or goods acount are examples of Real account.
For example:-
Cash
Land
Building
Furniture


Nominal Account

Account of any invisible things that means that things are in terms of cash are examples of Nominal account.
For example:- Discount, Commission, Salary, Wages, Freight etc.


Golden Rules of Accounting

Personal Accounts

The Receiver Debit (Dr)
The Giver Credit (Cr)

Real Accounts

What comes in Debit (Dr)
What goes out Credit (Cr)

Nominal Accounts

All Expenses or Losses Debit (Dr)
All Income or Gains Credit (Cr)