Home Videos Exercises MCQ Q&A Quiz E-Store Services Blog Sign in Appointment Payment

What is Computer Networking?

A network set up by connecting two or more computers and other supporting hardware devices through communication channels is called a computer network.
It enables computers to communicate with each other and to share commands data etc, including the hardware and software resources.
Each computing device in a network is called a node or station. The nodes can be routers, personal computers and servers.
Data transformation is done via the network using rules known as protocols.

Working of a computer network

The nodes (like computers, switches, and modems) are the sources of generating and transmitting data. Then the link ( a transmitting media) is used to bond among the nodes.

Uses of computer network

  • It allows you to share resources such as printers, scanners etc.
  • You can share expensive software and database among network users.
  • It facilitates communications from one computer to another computer.
  • It allows the exchange of data and information among users through a network.

Popular Computer Networks

  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • Super

Local Area Network(LAN)

The local area network is a computer network that operates in a small area like within an office, company, school or any other organization.
A local area network may be a wired or wireless network or a combination of both.
The devices in a LAN are generally connected using an Ethernet cable, which offers an interface to connect multiple devices like router, switches and computers.


Features of LAN

  • The network size is small, which consists of only a few kilometers.
  • The data transmission rate is high, ranging from 100 mbps to 1000 mbps.
  • LAN is included in bux, ring, mesh and star topologies.
  • Some network devices connected to the LAN will be limited.
  • If more devices are added than prescribed network may fail.

Benefits of LAN

  • It offers a higher operating speed than WAN and MAN.
  • It is less expensive and easy to install and maintain.
  • It perfectly fulfills the requirement of a specific organization, such as an office, school etc.
  • It is more secure than other networks as it is a small set up that can be easily taken care of.

Primary functions of LAN

Sharing of files

It allows you to share or transfer files from one computer to another computer within the LAN.
For example in a bank, It can be used to send a file with the details of transactions of a customer from the server to clients.

Sharing of printers

It also allows shared access to a printer, file servers etc. For example, ten computers that are connected through LAN can use a single printer, file server fax machine etc.

Sharing of computational capabilities

It allows the clients to access to the computational power of a server.
Example- An application server as some applications which run on clients in a LAN may require higher computational capabilities.

Main and Message related Services

It allows sending and receiving mails between computers of a LAN. You are required to have a mail server for this.

Database services

It also allows storing and retrieving data with the help of a database server.

Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

MAN is a high-speed network that spreads over a large geographical area such as Metro city or town.
It is set up by connecting the local area networks using routers and local telephone exchange lines. It can be operated by private company,
or it may be a service provided by a company such as a local telephone company.
The area covered by MAN is larger than the LAN but smaller than a WAN. Its network ranges from 5 to 50 km.

Examples of MAN

  • Cable TV Network.
  • Telephone service provides tat provide high-speed DSL lines.
  • IEEE 802.16 or WiMAX
  • Connected fire stations in a city.
  • Connected branches of a school in a city.

Features of MAN

  • The size of the MAN in the range of 5 km to 50 km.
  • The MAN ranges from the compus to the entire city.
  • The MAN is maintained and managed by either the user group or the Network provider.
  • Users can achieve the sharing of regional resources by using MAN.
  • The data transmission rates can be medium to high.

Advantages of MAN

Less Expensive

It is less expensive to set up a MAN and to connect it to a WAN.

High Speed

The speed of data transfer is more than WAN.

Local Emails

It can send local email fast.

Access to the Internet

It allows you to share your internet connection, and thus multiple users can have access to high-speed internet.

Easy to setup

You can easily set up of a MAN by connecting multiple LANs.

High security

It is more secure than WAN.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN extends over a large geographical area. It is not confined within an office, school, city or town and is mainly setup by telephone lines, fiberoptic, or satellite links.
WAN covers distances larger than 50 km or 1000 km or more.
A WAN works by using TCP/IP protocol in combination with networking devices such as switches routers and modems.

Examples of WAN

  • Satellite System
  • Railway reservation system.
  • Stock exchange network.

Features of WAN

  • Has a much larger capacity.
  • We can share the regional resources by using WAN.
  • They have more bit-rate errors.
  • The transmission delay is, and hence they need more communication speed.

Advantages of WAN

Large Network Range

It spans a large geographical area of 200 km or more. Example from one country to another country.

Centralized data

It allows your different office branches to use your head office server for retrieving and sharing data. Thus you don't need to buy emails servers, files server and backup servers etc.

High bandwidth

It offers high bandwidth than a normal broadband connection. Thus it can increase the productivity of your company by offering uninterrupted data transfer and communication.

Workload Distribution

It helps distribute your workload to other locations. You can hire employees in different countries and assign them to work from your office.