English Grammar Tutorial
A conditional sentence describes a condition and its result. It often uses the word if.
You can usually put the if-clause first or second:
Note: When the if-clause comes first, we normally use a comma between the two clauses.
Use the zero conditional for facts, rules, habits, and results that are generally true.
| English sentence | Hindi meaning |
|---|---|
| If you heat ice, it melts. | अगर आप बर्फ को गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है। |
| If water reaches 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure, it boils. | सामान्य वायुदाब पर पानी 100°C तक पहुँचता है, तो वह उबलता है। |
| If I drink coffee at night, I have trouble sleeping. | अगर मैं रात में कॉफी पीता हूँ, तो मुझे सोने में परेशानी होती है। |
| If students practise regularly, they improve. | अगर विद्यार्थी नियमित अभ्यास करते हैं, तो वे बेहतर होते हैं। |
Use the first conditional for a possible future condition and its likely result.
| English sentence | Hindi meaning |
|---|---|
| If it rains, we will stay at home. | अगर बारिश हुई, तो हम घर पर रहेंगे। |
| If you study hard, you will pass. | अगर तुम मेहनत से पढ़ोगे, तो पास हो जाओगे। |
| If she comes early, we will start the meeting. | अगर वह जल्दी आएगी, तो हम मीटिंग शुरू करेंगे। |
| If I have enough money, I will buy a laptop. | अगर मेरे पास पर्याप्त पैसे होंगे, तो मैं लैपटॉप खरीदूँगा। |
| If you call me, I will help you. | अगर तुम मुझे फोन करोगे, तो मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूँगा। |
Use the second conditional for unreal, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future.
| English sentence | Hindi meaning |
|---|---|
| If I had a car, I would drive to work. | अगर मेरे पास कार होती, तो मैं गाड़ी चलाकर काम पर जाता। |
| If I were rich, I would help poor people. | अगर मैं अमीर होता, तो गरीब लोगों की मदद करता। |
| If she knew the answer, she would tell us. | अगर उसे जवाब पता होता, तो वह हमें बताती। |
| If we lived near the school, we would walk there. | अगर हम स्कूल के पास रहते, तो वहाँ पैदल जाते। |
| If I could speak French, I would work in France. | अगर मैं फ्रेंच बोल सकता, तो फ्रांस में काम करता। |
Note: In formal or careful English, “If I were you” is commonly used to give advice: If I were you, I would practise every day.
Use the third conditional to imagine a different past and its result. The situation did not happen as described.
| English sentence | Hindi meaning |
|---|---|
| If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. | अगर मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो मैं परीक्षा पास कर गया होता। |
| If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train. | अगर वह पहले निकली होती, तो ट्रेन पकड़ ली होती। |
| If they had invited me, I would have attended the party. | अगर उन्होंने मुझे बुलाया होता, तो मैं पार्टी में गया होता। |
| If we had known about the traffic, we would have taken another road. | अगर हमें ट्रैफिक के बारे में पता होता, तो हम दूसरा रास्ता लेते। |
A mixed conditional connects a past condition with a present result.
These sentences imagine a different past and explain how the present would be different.
| Expression | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| unless | if not / अगर नहीं | You won't pass unless you study. |
| as long as | only if / बशर्ते कि | You can use my laptop as long as you handle it carefully. |
| provided that | on the condition that / इस शर्त पर कि | You can join the trip provided that your parents agree. |
| Incorrect | Correct | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| If it | If it rains, we will stay home. | First conditional: present simple after if |
| If I | If I were rich, I would travel. | Second conditional: past form |
| If I had studied, I | If I had studied, I would have passed. | Third conditional: would have + V3 |
| Unless you | Unless you hurry, you will be late. | Unless already means “if not” |
| Type | Structure | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Zero | If + present, present | Facts and general truths |
| First | If + present, will + V1 | Real future possibility |
| Second | If + past, would + V1 | Imaginary or unlikely present/future |
| Third | If + past perfect, would have + V3 | Imaginary past |
| Mixed | If + past perfect, would + V1 | Past condition with present result |
Choose the correct answer for each question.