Lesson 5 of 10 – Parts of Computer
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Parts of Computer

A computer system is made up of different parts. These parts work together to help the computer perform tasks. Some parts are inside the computer, while some are outside the computer.

Computer parts are also called hardware. Hardware means the physical components of a computer that we can touch and see.

What are the parts of a computer?

The physical components required to set up a computer system are called computer parts or hardware. These parts are divided into two main groups: Internal Parts and External Parts.

Internal Parts

Internal parts are the components inside the CPU cabinet or system unit. They are not visible from outside, but they are very important for the working of the computer.

  • Motherboard
  • CPU
  • GPU
  • RAM
  • ROM
  • Hard Disk / SSD
  • Power Supply
External Parts

External parts are the devices connected to the computer from outside. These are also called peripheral devices.

  • Monitor
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Printer
  • Scanner
  • Speakers
  • Webcam

Internal Components

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer. It connects all the important components such as CPU, RAM, storage devices, and expansion cards.

CPU

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It is called the brain of the computer because it processes instructions and performs calculations. The CPU contains two main parts: the Control Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

GPU

GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit. It helps in handling images, graphics, videos, and visual output. It is useful for gaming, video editing, animation, and design work.

RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a temporary memory used to store data and instructions while the computer is working. RAM is volatile, which means data is lost when the power is turned off.

ROM

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It stores permanent instructions that are needed to start the computer. ROM is non-volatile, so the data remains saved even when the power is off.

Hard Disk / SSD

Hard Disk and SSD are storage devices used to save files, software, and operating system data. They store information permanently.

Power Supply

The power supply provides electrical power to all computer components. It converts electricity into a form that the computer can use safely.

External Components

Monitor

The monitor is an output device that displays text, images, and videos on the screen. It is also called a Visual Display Unit (VDU).

Keyboard

The keyboard is an input device used to type letters, numbers, and symbols into the computer. It is one of the most important input devices.

Mouse

The mouse is a pointing device used to move the pointer, select items, click buttons, and open files or programs.

Printer

The printer is an output device that produces a hard copy of documents or images on paper.

Scanner

The scanner is an input device that converts a paper document or image into digital form.

Speakers

Speakers are output devices used to produce sound from the computer. They are useful for music, videos, online classes, and alerts.

Webcam

A webcam is an input device used to capture live video and images. It is often used in online meetings and video calls.

💡 Remember
The computer is made up of both internal and external parts. All parts work together to make the computer function properly.

🧠 Quiz

Which is the brain of the computer?